Zygos Performance Benchmarks

Performance comparison between Zygos, Neverthrow (Result) and fp-ts (Option).

Data auto-generated on Jan 29, 2026.

TL;DR

Zygos wins 80% of Result benchmarks vs Neverthrow. Up to 3x faster on object creation, 2-3x faster on chained operations. Similar performance on simple operations like isOk() and unwrapOr().

Operations per second. Higher is better.

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Methodology

Each benchmark:

1. Creates test data matching real-world patterns (Result chains, Option transformations)
2. Runs operations in a tight loop
3. Measures operations per second with statistical analysis
4. Reports min, max, mean, percentiles (p75, p99, p995, p999)
5. Includes relative margin of error (rme) for confidence

The "fastest" label is only awarded when the winner is ≥10% faster than the runner-up. Otherwise, it's considered a statistical tie.

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Libraries Tested

Library	Version	Description
zygos	1.1.0	Pithos Result/Option module (lightweight, tree-shakable)
neverthrow	8.2.0	Popular Result library for TypeScript

Benchmarks run on Jan 29, 2026

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Result Pattern (Zygos vs Neverthrow)

The Result pattern is the core of error handling in both libraries. Here's how they compare:

Test	zygos	neverthrow
andThen-chain	15.63M ops/s fastest	4.37M ops/s (3.57x)
andThen-err	25.10M ops/s (1x)	25.13M ops/s fastest
andThen-ok	22.39M ops/s fastest	9.93M ops/s (2.26x)
combine-all-ok	17.09M ops/s fastest	6.61M ops/s (2.59x)
combine-large	3.58M ops/s fastest	2.49M ops/s (1.44x)
combine-with-err	17.58M ops/s fastest	6.69M ops/s (2.63x)
err-creation	21.04M ops/s fastest	7.17M ops/s (2.93x)
fromThrowable-error	233.68K ops/s (1.01x)	235.96K ops/s fastest
fromThrowable-success	4.90M ops/s fastest	4.89M ops/s (1x)
isErr	25.30M ops/s fastest	25.27M ops/s (1x)
isOk	25.36M ops/s fastest	25.20M ops/s (1.01x)
map-err	28.47M ops/s fastest	28.44M ops/s (1x)
map-ok	28.38M ops/s fastest	28.32M ops/s (1x)
mapErr	28.44M ops/s fastest	28.41M ops/s (1x)
match-err	28.31M ops/s (1x)	28.32M ops/s fastest
match-ok	28.23M ops/s fastest	27.99M ops/s (1.01x)
ok-complex	21.37M ops/s fastest	7.13M ops/s (3x)
ok-creation	21.00M ops/s fastest	9.98M ops/s (2.1x)
unwrapOr-err	25.17M ops/s (1x)	25.29M ops/s fastest
unwrapOr-ok	25.33M ops/s fastest	25.32M ops/s (1x)

Data generated on Jan 29, 2026 • Vitest bench

Key Findings

Object creation is 2-3x faster. Zygos uses simple object literals while Neverthrow uses class instantiation with more overhead.

Chained operations (andThen) are 2-4x faster. Zygos's simpler implementation pays off when chaining multiple operations.

Simple operations are equivalent. isOk(), isErr(), unwrapOr() perform identically: both are just property checks.

Option Pattern (Zygos vs fp-ts)

Zygos provides a lightweight Option implementation compared to fp-ts's more comprehensive (but heavier) approach:

Test	Zygos	fp-ts
flatMap	17.07M ops/s fastest	2.16M ops/s (7.9x)
fromNullable	21.18M ops/s fastest	12.53M ops/s (1.69x)
fromNullable-null	21.42M ops/s fastest	12.74M ops/s (1.68x)
getOrElse	20.48M ops/s fastest	10.37M ops/s (1.98x)
isSome	20.54M ops/s fastest	12.33M ops/s (1.67x)
map	20.27M ops/s fastest	10.06M ops/s (2.01x)
match	20.35M ops/s fastest	10.00M ops/s (2.04x)
some-creation	21.11M ops/s fastest	13.70M ops/s (1.54x)

Data generated on Jan 29, 2026 • Vitest bench

Key Findings

Zygos is 1.5-8x faster across all Option operations. The biggest wins are on flatMap (8x) and getOrElse (2x).

fp-ts's pipe adds overhead. While elegant, the functional composition style has a runtime cost.

Zygos uses direct function calls. No intermediate abstractions, just simple conditionals.

📊 Performance Summary

Result (vs Neverthrow)

🏆 Zygos: 16/20

Option (vs fp-ts)

🏆 Zygos: 8/8

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Why Zygos is Fast

1. Simple object literals: { _tag: "Ok", value } instead of class instances
2. No intermediate abstractions: Direct property access, no method chains
3. Modern JavaScript: ES2020+ target, no transpilation overhead
4. Minimal code: Less code = less to execute

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When Performance Doesn't Matter

For most applications, both Zygos and Neverthrow are "fast enough". The real differentiator is:

• Bundle size: Zygos is 2.6x smaller than Neverthrow
• API ergonomics: Choose what feels right for your team
• Ecosystem: Zygos integrates with other Pithos modules

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Detailed Statistics

For the skeptics who want to see the raw numbers:

Result20

andThen-chain

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	15.63M	0.0000	0.0394	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.12%	7,812,553
neverthrow	4.37M	0.0001	0.0668	0.0002	0.0002	0.0003	±0.13%	2,186,487

andThen-err

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
neverthrow 🏆	25.13M	0.0000	0.0378	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.13%	12,564,743
zygos	25.10M	0.0000	0.1050	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.13%	12,548,149

andThen-ok

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	22.39M	0.0000	0.2858	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.20%	11,196,072
neverthrow	9.93M	0.0000	0.1548	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.17%	4,962,641

combine-all-ok

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	17.09M	0.0000	2.6903	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±1.09%	8,546,422
neverthrow	6.61M	0.0000	0.2838	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002	±0.27%	3,303,774

combine-large

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	3.58M	0.0002	0.2067	0.0003	0.0003	0.0006	±0.42%	1,789,730
neverthrow	2.49M	0.0002	0.2685	0.0004	0.0004	0.0007	±0.39%	1,245,772

combine-with-err

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	17.58M	0.0000	0.2636	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.44%	8,789,518
neverthrow	6.69M	0.0000	0.4447	0.0001	0.0002	0.0002	±0.37%	3,346,903

err-creation

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	21.04M	0.0000	0.1367	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.20%	10,518,494
neverthrow	7.17M	0.0000	0.1430	0.0001	0.0001	0.0002	±0.23%	3,586,381

fromThrowable-error

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
neverthrow 🏆	235.96K	0.0038	1.6269	0.0042	0.0040	0.0086	±0.79%	117,980
zygos	233.68K	0.0038	0.5621	0.0043	0.0041	0.0097	±0.50%	116,839

fromThrowable-success

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	4.90M	0.0001	0.0430	0.0002	0.0002	0.0003	±0.12%	2,447,979
neverthrow	4.89M	0.0001	0.1341	0.0002	0.0002	0.0003	±0.16%	2,446,526

isErr

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	25.30M	0.0000	0.0526	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.12%	12,652,338
neverthrow	25.27M	0.0000	0.0633	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.15%	12,636,894

isOk

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	25.36M	0.0000	0.0754	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.13%	12,682,172
neverthrow	25.20M	0.0000	0.0903	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.13%	12,600,520

map-err

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	28.47M	0.0000	0.2628	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.16%	14,236,276
neverthrow	28.44M	0.0000	0.0571	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.12%	14,219,506

map-ok

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	28.38M	0.0000	0.0707	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.13%	14,187,567
neverthrow	28.32M	0.0000	0.1597	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.15%	14,159,415

mapErr

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	28.44M	0.0000	0.0390	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.13%	14,218,338
neverthrow	28.41M	0.0000	0.0673	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.13%	14,203,990

match-err

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
neverthrow 🏆	28.32M	0.0000	0.0956	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.19%	14,160,960
zygos	28.31M	0.0000	0.1078	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.21%	14,152,591

match-ok

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	28.23M	0.0000	0.0685	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.13%	14,115,862
neverthrow	27.99M	0.0000	0.1938	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	±0.23%	13,995,988

ok-complex

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	21.37M	0.0000	0.2407	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.23%	10,682,566
neverthrow	7.13M	0.0000	0.1102	0.0001	0.0001	0.0002	±0.24%	3,564,423

ok-creation

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	21.00M	0.0000	0.0781	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.21%	10,501,012
neverthrow	9.98M	0.0000	0.1812	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.24%	4,990,318

unwrapOr-err

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
neverthrow 🏆	25.29M	0.0000	0.0662	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.13%	12,647,338
zygos	25.17M	0.0000	0.1113	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.14%	12,586,019

unwrapOr-ok

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	25.33M	0.0000	0.1078	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.12%	12,663,841
neverthrow	25.32M	0.0000	0.3640	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.19%	12,659,480

Option8

flatMap

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	17.07M	0.0000	0.2398	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.27%	8,533,278
fp-ts/flatMap	2.16M	0.0003	0.3111	0.0005	0.0005	0.0006	±0.34%	1,079,701

fromNullable

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	21.18M	0.0000	0.4290	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.30%	10,587,618
fp-ts/fromNullable	12.53M	0.0000	0.0431	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.12%	6,265,561

fromNullable-null

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	21.42M	0.0000	0.0794	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.12%	10,709,367
fp-ts/fromNullable	12.74M	0.0000	0.0665	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.13%	6,369,362

getOrElse

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	20.48M	0.0000	0.1204	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.13%	10,241,621
fp-ts/getOrElse	10.37M	0.0000	0.0699	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.13%	5,183,817

isSome

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	20.54M	0.0000	0.8130	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.34%	10,269,219
fp-ts/isSome	12.33M	0.0000	0.0842	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.13%	6,163,962

map

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	20.27M	0.0000	0.1348	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.14%	10,132,860
fp-ts/map	10.06M	0.0000	0.3281	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.18%	5,030,723

match

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	20.35M	0.0000	0.3162	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.19%	10,175,539
fp-ts/match	10.00M	0.0000	0.2816	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.17%	5,000,125

some-creation

Library	ops/s	min	max	mean	p75	p99	rme	samples
zygos 🏆	21.11M	0.0000	0.0643	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	±0.11%	10,553,702
fp-ts/some	13.70M	0.0000	0.0586	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	±0.13%	6,851,485

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Reproduce These Results

Want to verify these results? See how to reproduce our data.

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Related

• Zygos vs Neverthrow — Full comparison: philosophy, API, migration
• Kanon — Performance — Validation library benchmarks
• Zygos Module Guide — Full module documentation